Enkidu

The Wild Man of the Steppe

Enkidu was created by the mother goddess Aruru from clay to be Gilgamesh's equal and counterbalance. Born fully grown, he lived among the wild animals, eating grass and drinking at the water-holes, not knowing he was human. His body was covered with hair, and he knew nothing of civilization.

The Transformation

A hunter discovered Enkidu and, frightened by his strength, sought the advice of Gilgamesh. The king sent Shamhat, a temple priestess of Inanna, to civilize the wild man. After seven days and nights of lovemaking, Enkidu found himself changed: the animals fled from him, for he had become human. He could no longer run with the gazelles, but he had gained wisdom and understanding.

The Perfect Friend

When Enkidu arrived in Uruk and challenged Gilgamesh, they fought evenly matched until neither could prevail. From this contest grew an unbreakable friendship. Enkidu became Gilgamesh's constant companion, advisor, and the moderating influence that transformed the tyrant king into a hero.

The Cedar Forest

Enkidu accompanied Gilgamesh to the Cedar Forest to slay Humbaba. When Gilgamesh hesitated, it was Enkidu who urged him forward. Ironically, this victory would seal Enkidu's fate, as the gods later decreed that one of the heroes must die for their impiety.

The Omen of Death

Enkidu dreamed of the assembly of gods decreeing his death. He fell ill and, over twelve days, wasted away. His death scenes are among the most moving in ancient literature, as he cursed his civilization (which had led to his death) before blessing it (which had given him friendship and meaning).

The Catalyst

Enkidu's death became the catalyst for Gilgamesh's quest for immortality. In his grief, Gilgamesh confronted mortality for the first time, understanding that if mighty Enkidu could die, so could he. Enkidu's death thus becomes the beginning of Gilgamesh's true journey.