Chinese Pantheon
Pangu
Also known as Pan Gu, Primordial Giant

- creation
- separation of heaven and earth
- primordial being
The primordial giant who created the world by separating yin and yang, Heaven and Earth. After holding them apart for 18,000 years, his body became the features of the universe.
About Pangu
The First Being
Pangu is the creator deity of Chinese mythology, a primordial giant whose birth, life, and death created the universe as we know it. His story is one of the most profound creation myths, combining themes of sacrifice, transformation, and the origin of cosmic order.
Birth from Chaos
In the beginning, there was only chaos (hundun), formless and dark, contained within a cosmic egg. Within this egg, the opposing forces of yin (dark, heavy, feminine) and yang (light, airy, masculine) were undifferentiated. For 18,000 years, these forces slowly separated and coalesced, and within the egg, Pangu took form.
The Separation
When Pangu awoke, he found himself cramped in darkness. With a great axe, he split the egg. The light, clear yang rose up to become Heaven (Tian), while the heavy, turbid yin sank down to become Earth (Di). Fearing they might merge again, Pangu stood between them, growing taller each day.
The Long Labor
For 18,000 years, Pangu stood with his arms pushing up Heaven and his feet pressing down Earth. Each day, Heaven rose ten feet higher, Earth grew ten feet thicker, and Pangu grew ten feet taller to keep them apart. After this immense span of time, Heaven and Earth were finally stable.
The Ultimate Sacrifice
When his work was done, Pangu died. But from his death came the world's features. His breath became wind and clouds. His voice became thunder. His left eye became the sun, his right eye the moon. His limbs became the four directions. His blood became rivers, his veins the roads. His flesh became soil, his hair the plants. His bones and teeth became minerals. His sweat became rain. And the parasites on his body became humanity.
Significance
Pangu's myth teaches that creation requires sacrifice and that all things in the universe are interconnected, having originated from a single being. The story also establishes the fundamental dualism of yin and yang that underlies all Chinese philosophy.
Origin story
Before the world existed, there was only a cosmic egg of chaos. Within it, Pangu grew for 18,000 years until he awoke and split the egg with his axe, creating Heaven above and Earth below. He held them apart until they were stable, then his body became the features of the world.
Across traditions
Parallel figures
Figures who play a role like Pangu's in other traditions.
NorseYmirIllustrationBoth are primordial giants whose bodies become the world after their deaths
Compare Pangu and Ymir side by side
HinduPurushaIllustrationBoth are cosmic beings sacrificed to create the world and its various parts
Compare Pangu and Purusha side by side
Worship and cult
Temples, festivals, and practices recorded for Pangu
Cosmogonic giant more than a parish god. Some villages keep a temple and a birthday. Most Chinese never visit one. The egg, the axe, and the body-become-world are story first.
Sacred sites
- Scattered Pangu temples in South China; not a universal parish cult
In the atlas
Where Pangu appears
Sources and further reading
Source notes
These references are recorded in the catalog. Their passage wording and translation have not been checked, so quotations are not displayed here.
- Sanwu Liji (Historical Records of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors)
About this entry
By Elizabeth Stein for Mythos Atlas. About the author. Editorial notes are grounded in the site's cited sources and can be challenged through the contact page.
Parallels are editorial comparisons across traditions: a shared role does not, by itself, establish a shared origin.
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Genealogy
Family tree
Pangu's parents, consorts, children and rivals, as recorded in the atlas.