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By Elizabeth Stein for Mythos Atlas. About the author. Editorial notes are grounded in the site's cited sources and can be challenged through the contact page.

Nahual / nagual in Mesoamerican ethnography is a linked animal or the transforming specialist who shares its skin. Sahagún records nahualli sorcerers; modern Maya and Nahua communities keep tonal/nahual doctrines. This is a relation, not a zoo specimen. A jaguar, turkey, or lightning-bolt can be a person's nahualli; freeze it as one animal and the doctrine collapses.
“Sahagún's informants describe the nahualli as a transforming sorcerer; later ethnography across Mesoamerica treats nahual/tonal as a co-essence with an animal.”