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By Elizabeth Stein for Mythos Atlas. About the author. Editorial notes are grounded in the site's cited sources and can be challenged through the contact page.

In Māori tradition a taniwha is a being of a specific river, cave, or coast: kaitiaki to its people, a devourer to strangers who ignore tapu. Whakapapa and local kōrero, not a pan-Polynesian novel, are the sources. Some taniwha are ancestors in another body.
Colonial writing sometimes flattened them into 'dragons.' The local file is political and geographic.
“Iwi kōrero describe taniwha as beings of particular waters — guardians to their people, lethal to those who break tapu — known through genealogy and place, not a single monster-hunt.”