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By Elizabeth Stein for Mythos Atlas. About the author. Editorial notes are grounded in the site's cited sources and can be challenged through the contact page.

Kappa appear in Edo encyclopedias and local river law: a child-sized turtle-backed being whose strength lives in the water-filled sara on its head. Bow, it bows, the water spills, it weakens. They drown horses, steal shirikodama, and keep cucumber offerings.
The corpus is folkloric and regional, not a Kojiki chapter.
“Edo-period Wakan Sansai Zue and local river customs describe the kappa as a child-like water being whose power sits in the water-dish on its head.”