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Iliad
Homer
The foundational epic of Greek literature, depicting the wrath of Achilles during the final year of the Trojan War. Primary source for Greek gods' involvement in mortal affairs.
Notable Academic Translations
Richmond Lattimore (1951)Robert Fagles (1990)Caroline Alexander (2015)
Recommended Reading Order
Start with Robert Fagles's 1990 translation for a vivid, propulsive verse rendering, or Emily Wilson's 2023 translation for the newest scholarly-accessible option.
Canonical Figures in this Text
Key heroes and divinities who feature prominently across the chapters of this work
Heroes & Mortals
Key Dramatic Scenes
Pivotal passages and mythological turning points recorded in this canon
- I
The Wrath of Achilles
(Book 1)Agamemnon's seizure of Briseis drives Achilles to withdraw from battle, dooming the Greeks to Trojan advances.
- II
Hector and Ajax's Duel
(Book 7)Hector and Ajax fight to an inconclusive draw and part with an exchange of gifts.
- III
The Death of Patroclus
(Book 16)Wearing Achilles' armor, Patroclus routs the Trojans before Hector kills him.
- IV
The Death of Hector
(Book 22)Achilles kills Hector in single combat outside the walls of Troy and drags his body behind his chariot.
- V
Priam Ransoms Hector's Body
(Book 24)King Priam comes to Achilles' tent by night to beg for his son's body, and Achilles relents.
Source Passages and Editorial Notes
Direct quotations are distinguished from editorial paraphrases and records awaiting verification.
Ref: 1.1-5
Original wording unverifiedSing, goddess, the wrath of Achilles son of Peleus, that destructive wrath which brought countless woes upon the Achaeans, and hurled forth to Hades many valiant souls of heroes, and made their bodies the spoil of dogs and of all birds—and so the will of Zeus was accomplished.
Translator: Richmond LattimoreRichmond Lattimore, 1951
Featured in The Trojan War →Ref: 8.31-32
Original wording unverifiedOur father, son of Cronus, supreme ruler, we know well that your might is unyielding.
Translator: Richmond LattimoreRichmond Lattimore, 1951
Featured in Zeus →Ref: 13.18-28
Original wording unverifiedThe tall mountains and woods trembled beneath the immortal feet of Poseidon as he strode forth. He drove across the waves, and sea-monsters gamboled beneath him from all the deeps, recognizing their lord.
Translator: Richmond LattimoreRichmond Lattimore, 1951
Featured in Poseidon →